The Moscow-river
The Moscow river is left tributary of the Oka, its length reaches 502 km,
area is 17600 km2. Its width in the head (near the Oka) varies from two to ten
meters, within the boundaries of Moscow and lower it makes up about 100 m, and
its depth doesn’t exceed 6 m. 92 confluents flow into the Moscow-river, and they
themselves feed on the huge number of rivers, brooks, springs. 362 rivers and
about 550 brooks join the Moscow-river.
The beginning of the Moscow river is near a village of Sarkovo of the Uvarsky
district, it likes on the small stream in the big mire, which is called
sometimes as «Moskvorezkaya pool». Probably, at this
places before was an ice lake. This lake became gradually shallow, was overgrown
with mosses and sedges, turned in the mire, nevertheless it gave birth to the
river.
At a distance of half kilometer from the head of mire's pit,
surrounded brushwoods of sedges, the river becomes smaller, and the river bed is
appeared. After the river is flowed, purling, along large detritus and
brings its current over forests, hills and bogs, acquiring fullness and
power.
The Mozhaisk reservoir was appeared in 1960-62 years,before was buila a dam
near a village «Marphin Brod» at a distance of 4 km from the
north – west from town Mozhisk. It area makes up 31 km2, length – 47 km, the
biggest width – 3,5 km. On the part from Mozhaisk to Zvenigorod, a valley of the
Moscow river cuts thicknesses of limestones. This valley is less tortuous here,
its turns are less steep.
On the high washed banks of the river come often landslides. Parts of land
slip down with grass and bushes. On the slided slopes, trees stands
aslant, forming such called «Tipsy forest». The
picturesque river Istra is the largest tributary, flowing into the Moscow river.
Its upper reaches riverhead was damed in 1934 year. Istra reservoir is one
of the largest reservoirs in the territory of Moscow region. Its area is 3,8
km2, length – 24 km and depth reaches 23 metres. This reservoir nourishes the
river and sates the river with water. On the territory of the Moscow river there
are such towns as: Mozhaisk, Zvenigorod, Krasnogorsk, Dzherzhinsk, Zhukovsky,
Ramenskoe, Bronnitsi, Voskresensk, Kolomna.
In the range of Moscow
In the range of Moscow the Moscow river enters on the north – west, in the
district of Strogino, at a distance of 320 km from mouth of the river and
finishes on the south – east, crossing MKAD (Moscow circle auto road) near
Besedibsky bridge. The valley of the river is well cultivated and has a three
above the flood plain terraces. A big tortuosity of the river ( four big,
partially cut in curves near Silver boron, Phily – Kunzevsky woodland park, in
the district of Krasnopresenskoy and Luzhnezkoy quays) not only increases its
extension, but also creates a special picturesqueness of its valley. Contrast of
high washed of the left bank and low – lying of the right bank of the territory
of behind the Moscow river, and also the Kremlin, towered on Borovitsky hill,
give the territory a memorable look.
Within the precincts of a town the river takes about 70 tributaries. Many
rivers of the Moscow river are confined in tubings or covered, and only Yauza,
turned and framed by stone quays, crosses the city. In the lower territory of
the Moscow the river is tortuous. In 1937 year many curves were straightened,
and water way is much shorten. At the lower flow it runs along old pre – ice
valley: here tributaries are less, than in upper territories. The most largest
of them are: Pakhra, severka, Pekhorka, Gzhelka and Nerskaya.
Water is a life of the city
Water tower, built in XVII on the Moscow river, which was burned in 1731
year. In the beginning of XIX cent. was started Mtischi water tower. Water from
the springs are gathered into a basin. From that place it currents in Samotezky
pond, and there it was brocken by water carriers. At this channel the water was
dirty, the necessity of the water is grown, as a danger of epidemic.
In the middle of XIX cent. the situation was changed thanks to construction
of two water – pump station, given the water into the city, improvement of
Mtischi water supply system into the city, and the beginning of XX century
– a dam building on the Moscow river, near a village Rublevo was set
the
settings, filters, pured the water. And the water supply system gave the city
the pured water.
After building of the channel of Moscow the city is supplied with the Volga
water, which is preliminary purified in the pump-refinery stations. Now by the
level of water consumption our capital occupies on of the first places in the
world. At present hydroelectric power station operate in the Moscow-river. Large
hydroelectric power stations in the Istra, the Khimka and the Moscow-river were
built in 1936-1937.
Cruises and walks by river
When spring comes,
the favourite kind of transport for many people is alived – water bus. The motor
ship «Moskva» is often used. Cruises by this motor ship
conquered people hearts not only of the capital of Russia, but also other
people, who comes here form various cities.
Water bus allows to examine the
best views for short time, make unique photos of different historical monuments
of architecture and beautiful landscapes of Moscow.
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